Fig. 4

Effects of rosmarinic acid (RA) on EV71 infection in neonatal mice. Three-day-old ICR neonatal mice were inoculated intraperitoneally with EV71 (1 × 10⁶ CCID₅₀). a Daily survival rate up to 6 d post inoculation. b Typical phenotypes of rare hair and paralysis of hind limbs caused by EV71 infection alone (group A; positive treatment) are shown in: (a) the posterior limb of a severely paralyzed mouse; (b) a comatose mouse; and (c) a dead mouse at 4 d post infection. Mice were defined as comatose based on a loss of reflexes and response to pain. All healthy mice in group B (RA + EV71 treatment) and group C (RA treatment only) resembled the representative picture (d) on day 4 post inoculation