Fig. 6

Haematoxylin and eosin staining of mice livers. All mice were euthanized at 8 days p.i. and livers were harvested. a Liver showing normal overall architecture of uninfected and untreated mice. Inset: the sinusoids can be seen as pale stained spaces between plates of hepatocytes. b Liver of mice where geraniin was given at various time in synchrony with mice that were infected with DENV-2, that is; 24 h pre-infection, 24 h p.i. and 72 h p.i. All DENV-2-uninfected livers that were treated with geraniin showed normal overall liver architecture. c Liver of mice infected with DENV-2 act as a virus control to the three treatment groups. Picture shows damaged and degenerated hepatocytes with focal necrosis (N) and haemorrhages (He). d Liver of mice treated with geraniin 24 h before infected with DENV-2. Dilatation of sinusoids (enlarged pale spaces in between the hepatocytes) and apoptotic and pyknotic nucleus indicating death of cells (indicated by white arrows) were observed. Generally, hepatocytes seemed normal with slight degenerative changes. e Liver of mice infected with DENV-2 and treated with geraniin at 24 h p.i. Moderate hydropic swelling with zonal steatosis i.e. accumulation of triglycerides in hepatocytes (indicated by black arrows). f Liver of mice infected with DENV-2 and treated with geraniin at 72 h p.i. Severe generalized or diffuse hydropic swelling of hepatocytes with multifocal and focal necrosis of some parts of the liver was observed, while the blood vessels seemed congested with focal infiltration of fibrin (F) into the parenchyma. Inset picture shows the hydropic degeneration. CV, central vein; PT, portal tract