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Table 2 Xenotransplantations of pig organs with and without PCMV infection

From: Reduction of the survival time of pig xenotransplants by porcine cytomegalovirus

Pig organ (pig race)

Genetic modification

Recipient

PCMV

Survival time without PCMV in days (number of cases)

Survival time with PCMV in days (number of cases)

Comments concerning PCMV infection

BaCMV

References

Thymokidney, (Landrace)

HDAF*

Baboon (n = 6)

Up-regulated in all animals except #4

No difference

Intravascular coagulation syndrome in some animals, thrombocytopenia, ureteric necrosis in one animal

In all animals except #5, activation in 3 animals, pneumonitis and death in one animal

Mueller et al., 2002 [54], Gollackner et al., 2003 [55]

Thymokidney, kidney, thymus, heart

(Landrace)

HDAF

Baboon (n = 22)

In all donors

 

11–32 (PCMV up-regulation in 15/22 animals)

7–27 (PCMV no upregulation in 7 animals)

Immunosuppressed PCMV positive animal: upregulation of PCMV

Not investigated

Mueller et al., 2004 [56]

Heterotopic heart (Landrace x Large White)

HDAF

Baboons (n = 9)

2 positive, 3 negative, 4 negative by early weaning

33 (4 early weaned) 53 (3 negative animals)

20 (2 positive animals)

Consumptive coagulopathy

All positive, no up-regulation due to ganciclovir

Mueller et al., 2004 [57]

Thymokidney, kidney (MGH a miniature swíne)

GalT-KO**

Baboon (n = 21)

8 negative a, 10 positive, 3 negative after Caesarean deliveryb

48.4 (8 negative)b 53 (3 Caesarean delivery)c

14.1 (10 positive)

Enhanced ICAM-1 and MHC class II expression in the transplant (endothelial cell activation)

No BaCMV in one PCMV-negative animal

Yamada et al., 2014 [58]

Kidney

GalT-KO

Cynomolgus monkeys (n = 8)

8 negative d, 5 positive e

28.7d

9.2e

 

Not applicable

Sekijima et al., 2014 [59]

Liver (MGH a miniature swine)

GalT-KO

Baboons (n = 4)

 

5, 25, 29

8

Hemorrhagic necrosis, focal PCMV inclusion

Not investigated

Shah et al., 2017 [60]

  1. *HDAF human complement decay-accelerating factor, synonym CD55 **GalT-KO alpha1,3-galactosyltransferase gene-knockout; aMassachusetts General Hospital; bNaturally PCMV-negative; cAfter Caesarean delivery; dPigs from the Massachusetts General Hospital/Nippon Institute for Biological Science; ePigs from the Meji University