From: Reduction of the survival time of pig xenotransplants by porcine cytomegalovirus
Pig organ (pig race) | Genetic modification | Recipient | PCMV | Survival time without PCMV in days (number of cases) | Survival time with PCMV in days (number of cases) | Comments concerning PCMV infection | BaCMV | References |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thymokidney, (Landrace) | HDAF* | Baboon (n = 6) | Up-regulated in all animals except #4 | No difference | Intravascular coagulation syndrome in some animals, thrombocytopenia, ureteric necrosis in one animal | In all animals except #5, activation in 3 animals, pneumonitis and death in one animal | ||
Thymokidney, kidney, thymus, heart (Landrace) | HDAF | Baboon (n = 22) | In all donors |  | 11–32 (PCMV up-regulation in 15/22 animals) 7–27 (PCMV no upregulation in 7 animals) | Immunosuppressed PCMV positive animal: upregulation of PCMV | Not investigated | Mueller et al., 2004 [56] |
Heterotopic heart (Landrace x Large White) | HDAF | Baboons (n = 9) | 2 positive, 3 negative, 4 negative by early weaning | 33 (4 early weaned) 53 (3 negative animals) | 20 (2 positive animals) | Consumptive coagulopathy | All positive, no up-regulation due to ganciclovir | Mueller et al., 2004 [57] |
Thymokidney, kidney (MGH a miniature swÃne) | GalT-KO** | Baboon (n = 21) | 8 negative a, 10 positive, 3 negative after Caesarean deliveryb | 48.4 (8 negative)b 53 (3 Caesarean delivery)c | 14.1 (10 positive) | Enhanced ICAM-1 and MHC class II expression in the transplant (endothelial cell activation) | No BaCMV in one PCMV-negative animal | Yamada et al., 2014 [58] |
Kidney | GalT-KO | Cynomolgus monkeys (n = 8) | 8 negative d, 5 positive e | 28.7d | 9.2e |  | Not applicable | Sekijima et al., 2014 [59] |
Liver (MGH a miniature swine) | GalT-KO | Baboons (n = 4) |  | 5, 25, 29 | 8 | Hemorrhagic necrosis, focal PCMV inclusion | Not investigated | Shah et al., 2017 [60] |