Fig. 8
From: Porcine epidemic diarrhea virus S1 protein is the critical inducer of apoptosis
TGEV, IBV, CoCoV, SARS and MERS CoV Spike Protein S1 Could also Induce Apoptosis in Vero-E6 cells. TGEV, IBV, CCoV, SARS and MERS S1 genes were cloned or synthesized in fusion with EGFP gene and were transfected into VERO-E6, 48 h later, the cells were harvested and analyzed by Fluorescence-activated cells sorter (FACS), GFP-positive cells were gated for apoptosis analysis. (a) TGEV, IBV, CCoV, SARS and MERS S1 genes were correctly constructed in fusion with EGFP. The empty vector pEGFP-N1 and the recombinant plasmids were all transfected into confluent BHK-21 monolayer cells separately. 24 h later, bright green fluorescence was observed from the all the recombinant plasmids transfected cells. (b) The results showed that TGEV, IBV, CCoV, SARS and MERS S1 Protein Could Induce Apoptosis in Vero-E6 cells. (c)Percentages of annexin-V-PE positive cells from gated cells are shown with graphs. Results are representative of three independent experiments. (*, p < 0.05; **, p < 0.01; ***, p < 0.001)