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Fig. 3 | Virology Journal

Fig. 3

From: Human β-defensin 2 plays a regulatory role in innate antiviral immunity and is capable of potentiating the induction of antigen-specific immunity

Fig. 3

Quantitative analysis of antiviral gene expression in HBD 2-treated THP-1 cells. THP-1 cells were stimulated with 1 μg/mL recombinant S RBD protein with (S RBD-HBD 2) or without (S RBD) HBD 2 conjugation, and the transcript levels of (a) PKR, (b) RNaseL, and (c) NOD2 were measured 6 h and 24 h after treatment via qRT-PCR as described in Materials and Methods. qRT-PCR was performed twice, and values were normalized to that of the internal control (hACTB). The relative quantification level using the value of PBS-treated control cells as a basal reference level for comparison is shown as the mean ± SD. * p < 0.05 and ** p < 0.01 indicate significant differences between groups

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