Fig. 1From: Duck enteritis virus activates CaMKKβ-AMPK to trigger autophagy in duck embryo fibroblast cells via increased cytosolic calciumDEV infection activated CaMKKβ and its substrate AMPK, as well as increased the extent of LC3I transformation to LC3II. a DEF cells infected with DEV (MOI = 1) or mock-infected cells were lysed and blotted with antibody against CaMKKβ, p-AMPK, AMPK, LC3, and β-actin at the indicated times. Ionomycin treated cells as a postive control (b) The ratios of CaMKKβ/β-actin. p-AMPK/AMPK, and LC3II/LC3I in DEF cells from three independent experiments, expressed as means ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01Back to article page