Fig. 1

DEV infection activated CaMKKβ and its substrate AMPK, as well as increased the extent of LC3I transformation to LC3II. a DEF cells infected with DEV (MOI = 1) or mock-infected cells were lysed and blotted with antibody against CaMKKβ, p-AMPK, AMPK, LC3, and β-actin at the indicated times. Ionomycin treated cells as a postive control (b) The ratios of CaMKKβ/β-actin. p-AMPK/AMPK, and LC3II/LC3I in DEF cells from three independent experiments, expressed as means ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01