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Table 1 Demographic and clinical data from 79 patients with CNS infection and enterovirus detection

From: Enterovirus serotypes in patients with central nervous system and respiratory infections in Viet Nam 1997–2010

 

Children ≤15 years (n = 51)

Adults > 15 years (n = 28)

P valuec

Swab (n = 41)

CSF (n = 10)

CSF (n = 28)

Demographics

Male (%)

29 (70.7)

3 (30)

18 (64.3)

0.078

Age (year) (median; IQR)

1 (1–3)

7 (1.8–10)

20 (17–29.5)

ND

Discharge diagnosis

Encephalitis (%)

30 (73.2)

4 (40)

1 (3.6)

0.012

Meningitis (%)

2 (4.9)

6 (60)

26 (92.9)

Othersb(%)

9 (22)

0

1 (3.6)

Clinical symptoms

Fever

40 (97.6)

9 (90)

26 (92.9)

1.0

Day of illness (med: IQR)

4 (3–5)

2 (1.5–3.5)

2 (1–3)

0.699

Duration of hospitalization (med: IQR)

7 (2.5–12)

7 (6.5–10.5)

13 (5–15)

0.173

Meningeal signs (%)

4 (9.8)

4 (40)

20 (71.4)

0.127

Convulsions (%)

26 (63.4)

2 (20)

0

0.064

Focal neurology (%)

22 (53.7)

1 (10)

0

0.263

Limb weakness (%)

22 (53.7)

1 (10)

0

0.263

GCS < 9 (%)

25 (61)

1 (10)

1 (3.6)

0.462

Laboratory tests

Blood white cell count (per mm3) [med: IQR]

12,300

16,800

9750

0.010

(8150–16,225)

(14875–22,800)

(7100–11,950)

 

Blood neutrophil % (med: IQR)

53.15 (36–69.8)

80.8 (73–86.4)

78.35 (73.1–82.6)

0.713

 

Blood glucose (mmol per litter) [med: IQR]

5.16 (4.0–7.8)

5.22 (3.8–6.5)

6.04 (5.17–7.1)

0.311

 

CSF white cell counts per mm3 (med: IQR)

5 (1–45.5)

61 (3.5–172)

90.5 (27.25–197.5)

0.926

 

CSF neutrophil % (med: IQR)

20 (11–30)

63 (37.5–67.5)

46 (27.8–78.8)

0.596

 

CSF glucose (mmol per litter) [med: IQR]

3.5 (2.8–4.7)

3.74 (3.4–4.3)

3.5 (3.16–3.9)

0.380

 

CSF protein (med: IQR)

0.2 (0.1–0.3)

0.42 (0.28–0.49)

0.5 (0.39–0. 7)

0.362

 

Lactate (mmol per litter) [med: IQR]

2.09 (1.5–3)

2.35 (1.9–7.5)

2.45 (2.1–3.1)

1.00

 

Evidence of other pathogensa in CSF (%)

13 (31.7)

1 (10)

3 (10.7)

1.0

Co-infectiona

JEV (n)

9

1

0

NA

DENV (n)

4

0

0

Cytomegalovirus (n) [CMV]

0

0

2

Mycobacterium tuberculosis (n) [MTB]

0

0

1

Outcome

Death (%)

15 (36.6)

0

0

NA

  1. ND not determined, NA not applicable
  2. Note: aCo-infection included detection of human IgM (anti JEV and DENV) and viral DNA (CMV) in CSF, or bacterial growth (Mycobacterium tuberculosis) in CSF culture
  3. bOther discharge diagnoses included sepsis (n = 5), dengue haemorrhagic fever (n = 1), colitis (n = 1), diarrhea (n = 1) metabolic disease (n = 1), and hepatitis (n = 1)
  4. cStatistical comparison between children and adults with EV detection in CSF