Fig. 2

In ovo delivered dsRNA results macrophage recruitment and the expressions of innate immune mediators in lungs. SPF ED18 eggs were treated with dsRNA (n = 6) at 250μg per egg or PBS (n = 6) and, at ED19 coinciding with time of infection with H4N6 LPAIV, the lungs were collected in OCT for immunostaining of (a) TLR3 (b) IFN-α (c) IFN-β and (d) macrophages. Real time PCR assay was done in lungs to quantify mRNA expression of IL-1β (e) Student’s t-test was done to identify group differences and the differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. The quantitative data are given as the mean ± SEM. The representative immunoassayed images of nuclear stained, antigen stained and merged pictures are also given for each group and for each examined protein