Table 1 Plant-derived antivirals tested in cellular models with activity against HCV life cycle. Structures from PubChem (https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov)
From: Plant-derived antivirals against hepatitis c virus infection
Compound | Structure | Extracted from | Viral Inhibition step | HCV genotypes | EC50 | CC50 | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Griffithsin |
| Griffithsia sp | Entry | 1b, 2a | 0.4 nM | 33.6 μM | [45] |
Scytovirin |
| Scytonema varium | Entry | 1b, 2a | 17 nM | 23.8 μM | [45] |
Gallic Acid |
| Limonium sinense | Entry | 2a | 24.31 ± 6.90 μM | 346.59 ± 27.43 μM |  |
Saikosaponin b2 |
| Bupleurum kao | Entry | 2b, 3a,7a | 16.13 ± 2.41 μM | 740.4 ± 28.35 μM |  |
Ladanein |
| Marrubium peregrinum L | Entry | 1a, 1b, 2b, 3a, 4a, 5a, 6a | ≤2.54 μmol/L | 98.04 μmol/L | [52] |
Delphinidin |
| Anthocyanidin | Entry | 1a, 2a | 3.7 ± 0.8 μM | – | [55] |
Epigallocatechin-3-gallate |
| Camellia sinensis | Entry/Replication | 1a, 2a 2a 1b,2a | 10.6 ± 2.9 μM 2.5 μg/mL 17.9 μM | 232.6 μM | [121] [125] [123] |
Xanthone extract | – | Garcinia mangostana L. | Replication | 1b 2a | 5.1 μg/mL 3.8 μg/mL | 12.8 μg/mL | [56] |
3-hydroxy caruilignan C |
| Swietenia macrophylla | Replication | 1b | 10.5 ± 1.2 μM | – | [58] |
Plumbagin |
| Plumbago indica L. | Replication | 2a | 0.57 μM | 30.65 ± 1.25 μM/L | [61] |
Xanthohumol |
| Humulus L. | Replication | 2a | – | – | [71] |
Apigenin |
| Flavone | Replication | 2a | – | – | [84] |
Caffeine - |
| Alkaloid | Replication | 2a | 0.726 mM | – | [92] |
APS |
| Maytrenus ilicifolia | Replication | 2a | 2.3 μM | 135.24 μM | [93] |
3*43 |
| 4.0 μM | 18.8 μM | ||||
3*20 |
| 8.2 μM | 32.8 μM | ||||
5*362 |
| Peperomia bland | Replication | 2a | 38.9 μM | 73.91 μM |  |
Quercetin |
| Embelia ribes | Replication | 1a, 2a 1b | – | – | [99] [100] |
Ursolic acid |
| Cynomorium songaricium | Replication | - | 16 μg/mL | – | [102] |
Acetyl ursolic acid |
| 11 μg/mL | – | ||||
Malonyl ursolic acid hemi- ester |
| 8 μg/mL | – | ||||
Glutaryl ursolic acid hemiester |
| 3 μg/mL | – | ||||
Oxalyl ursolic acid hemiester |
| 5 μg/mL | – | ||||
Succinyl ursolic acid hemiester |
| 10 μg/mL | – | ||||
Ursolic acid methyl ester |
| 94 μg/mL | – | ||||
Naringenin |
| Flavanone | Release/Assembly | 2a | - 109 μM | – | [74] [110] |
Honokiol |
| Magnolia officiais | Entry/Replication | 1a,1b, 2a | 1.2 μM | 35 μM | [113] |
Silymarin Extract | – | Silybum marianum | Entry/Replication | 2a 1a/2a 1b, 3a | - 5 μM 15 ± 4 μM | - - | [131] [129] [133] |
Silibinin |
| Silybum marianum | Entry | 1b, 3a | 34 ± 3 μM | – | [133] |
a
a
b
b
b
b
