Table 1 Description of population characteristics and results of bivariable and multivariable analysis for risk factors related to HR-HPV infection among women living with HIV in Manaus, Amazonas
Variables | HR-HPV negative n = 206 N (%) Median (IQR) | HR-HPV positive n = 93 N (%) Median (IQR) | Crude pOR (95.0% CI) | p-value | Adjusted pOR (95.0% CI) | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sociodemographic | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â | Â |
Age in years (N = 299) | 41.1 (45.9–33.5) | 38.8 (31.2–44.4) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.03 | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.03 |
  ≤ 34 | 56 (27.2) | 35 (37.6) | 1 |  |  |  |
 35–39 | 30 (14.6) | 18 (19.3) | 1.0 (0.5–2.0) | 0.91 | … | … |
 40–44 | 55 (26.7) | 18 (19.4) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.27 | … | … |
  ≥ 45 | 65 (31.5) | 22 (23.7) | 0.5 (0.3–1.0) | 0.06 | … | … |
Civil status (N = 299) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Married/cohabitating | 133 (64.6) | 50 (53.8) | 1 |  |  |  |
 Single/not cohabitating | 73 (35.4) | 43 (46.2) | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | 0.08 | … | … |
Level of education (N = 299) | ||||||
  < Primary school | 42 (20.4) | 25 (26.8) | 1 |  |  |  |
  At least primary school | 164 (79.6) | 68 (73.2) | 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 0.21 | … | … |
Currently working (N = 299) | ||||||
 Yes | 83 (40.3) | 31 (33.3) | 1 |  |  |  |
 No | 123 (59.7) | 62 (66.7) | 1.3 (0.8–2.2) | 0.25 | … | … |
Sexual behaviour and other risk behaviour | ||||||
Current smokers (N = 299) | ||||||
 No | 191 (92.7) | 88 (94.6) | 1 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 15 (7.3) | 5 (5.4) | 0.7 (0.2–2.0) | 0.54 | … | … |
Age at first sex (years) (N = 297) | ||||||
  ≤ 15 | 108 (52.4) | 44 (48.4) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) | 0.52 | … | … |
  > 15 | 98 (47.6) | 47 (51.6) | 1 |  |  |  |
Sexual partners in life to date (N = 297) | ||||||
  < 4 | 60 (29.3) | 28 (30.4) | 1 |  |  |  |
 4 to 7 | 65 (31.7) | 32 (34.8) | 1.0 (0.5–1.9) | 0.87 | … | … |
  ≥ 8 | 80 (39.0) | 32 (34.6) | 0.8 (0.4–1.5) | 0.62 | … | … |
Regular partner currently (N = 299) | ||||||
 Yes | 148 (71.8) | 62 (66.7) | 1 |  |  |  |
 No | 58 (28.2) | 31 (33.3) | 1.2 (0.7–2.1) | 0.37 | … | … |
Condom use at last sex with regular partner (N = 210) | ||||||
 Yes | 107 (72.3) | 45 (72.6) | 1 |  |  |  |
 No | 41 (27.7) | 17 (27.4) | 0.9 (0.5–1.9) | 0.97 | … | … |
Occasional sex partner currently (N = 299) | ||||||
 No | 184 (89.3) | 82 (88.2) | 1 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 22 (10.7) | 11 (11.8) | 1.1 (0.5–2.4) | 0.78 | … | … |
Condom use at last sex with occasional partner (N = 33) | ||||||
 Yes | 16 (72.7) | 8 (72.7) | 1 |  |  |  |
 No | 6 (27.3) | 3 (27.3) | 1.0 (0.2–5.0) | 1.00 | … | … |
Reproductive and sexual health | ||||||
Current oral contraceptive use (N = 299) | ||||||
 Yes | 202 (98.1) | 90 (96.7) | 1 |  |  |  |
 No | 4 (1.9) | 3 (3.3) | 1.6 (0.3–7.6) | 0.50 | … | … |
Previous cervical cytology (N = 299) | ||||||
 Yes | 204 (99.0) | 87 (93.6) | 1 |  |  |  |
 No | 2 (1.0) | 6 (6.4) | 7.0 (1.3–35.5) | 0.02 | … | … |
Ever had an STI (N = 299) | ||||||
 No | 146 (70.9) | 65 (69.9) | 1 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 60 (29.1) | 28 (30.1) | 1.0 (0.6–1.7) | 0.86 | … | … |
Parity (N = 299) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
 Nulliparous | 11 (5.3) | 10 (10.8) | 1 |  |  |  |
 1 to 3 | 97 (47.0) | 39 (41.9) | 0.4 (0.1–1.1) | 0.09 | … | … |
  ≥ 4 | 98 (47.7) | 44 (47.3) | 0.4 (0.2–1.2) | 0.14 | … | … |
Ever had an abortion (N = 278) | ||||||
 No | 90 (46.2) | 44 (53.0) | 1 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 105 (53.8) | 39 (47.0) | 0.7 (0.4–1.2) | 0.30 | … | … |
HIV history | ||||||
 Time since HIV diagnosis in years (N = 298) | 6 (3–10) | 5 (2–10) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.53 | … | … |
 CD4 cell count nadirb (N = 294) | 195 (83–317) | 221 (86–357) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.90 | … | … |
CD4 cells/mm3a (N = 298) | 348 (197–550) | 322 (162–491) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.30 |  |  |
 ≥500 | 115 (56.1) | 36 (38.7) | 1 |  | 1 |  |
 200–499 | 79 (38.5) | 41 (44.1) | 1.6 (0.9–2.8) | 0.06 | 1.6 (0.9–2.8) | 0.06 |
 < 200 | 11 (5.4) | 16 (17.2) | 4.7 (2.0–11.3) | < 0.001 | 4.7 (2.0–11.3) | < 0.001 |
 Detectable viral load (copies/mL)a (N = 298) | 6049 (390–32,000) | 11,112.5 (1070–43,258.5) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.60 |  |  |
Current ART (N = 299) | ||||||
 Yes | 185 (89.8) | 78 (83.9) | 1 |  |  |  |
 No | 21 (10.2) | 15 (16.1) | 1.6 (0.8–3.4) | 0.14 | … | … |
Previous change in ART regimen (N = 270) | ||||||
 No | 119 (62.9) | 44 (54.3) | 1 |  |  |  |
 Yes | 70 (37.1) | 37 (45.7) | 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 0.18 | … | … |