The epidemiology of Norovirus in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: a systematic review

Kreidieh, Khalil; Charide, Rana; Dbaibo, Ghassan; Melhem, Nada M.

doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0877-3

Virology Journal

Table 2 Distribution and molecular characteristics of Norovirus in countries of the MENA region (2000-2015)

From: The epidemiology of Norovirus in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: a systematic review

Country	Population	Participants’ Setting	Study Period (months)	Detection Method	n	Positive Rate	Seasonal Peaks	Predominant Genogroup/Genotype	Article Number
Djibouti	Adults	Inpatients	18	RT-PCR	75	25.34%		GII.14	[55]
Egypt	Children <3	Inpatients	24	RT-PCR	86	25.58%		GII	[56]
	Children <15	Outpatients	12	RT-PCR	500	16.20%			[57]
	Children <5	Outpatients	36	EIA	2112	26.00%	Summer		[58]
	Children <18	In and Outpatients	12	RT-PCR	230	13.48%	Winter	GII.4	[59]
Iran	Infants <1	In and Outpatients	3	IC	82	32.92%			[60]
	Children <7	Inpatients	24	EIA	375	12.53%	Fall		[61]
	Children <5	Inpatients	NM	RT-PCR	2170	4.14%			[62]
	All Ages	Inpatients	12	RT-PCR	293	9.89%		GII.4	[63]
	Children <5	Inpatients	24	Nested RT-PCR	143	6.29%		GII	[64]
	Children <17	Inpatients	24	Nested RT-PCR	47	21.30%		GII.4	[65]
Iraq	Children <5	Inpatients	2	RT-PCR	260	30.00%		GII.4	[66]
Israel	Children <5	In and Outpatients	84	rRT-PCR	673	9.95%		GII.4	[67]
Israel	Children <5	Inpatients	38	rRT-PCR	515	17.28%		GII.4	[68]
Jordan	Children <5	Inpatients	24	rRT-PCR	368	11.41%		GII.3	[69]
Kuwait	Children <5	Inpatients	9	ELISA / RT-PCR	170	5.23%		GII.4	[70]
Lebanon	Children <10	Inpatients	2	EIA / RT-PCR	79	6.32%		GII	[71]
Libya	Children <5	In and Outpatients	12	rRT-PCR	520	17.50%	Summer	GII.4	[72]
Libya	Children <5	Outpatients	8	EIA	239	15.48%	Fall		[39]
Morocco	Children <5	Inpatients	12	Multiplex RT-PCR	122	0.82%	Winter		[33]
Morocco	Children <5	Inpatients	12	rRT-PCR	335	16.12%	Summer	GII.4	[73]
Qatar	All Ages	In and Outpatients	6	Multiplex rRT-PCR	288	28.47%			[74]
Saudi Arabia	Children <6	In and Outpatients	12	ELISA	253	3.56%	Fall and Spring		[37]
Saudi Arabia	Children <5	Inpatients	6	EIA	284	4.58%			[38]
Tunisia	Children <6	Inpatients	18	rRT-PCR	114	36.84%	Winter	GII.3	[34]
	Children <6	Outpatients and Community	12	Multiplex RT-PCR	178	8.99%	Fall and Winter	GII.3	[75]
	Children <13	In and Outpatients	36	RT-PCR	407	9.34%	Winter	GII.3	[76]
	Children <12	In and Outpatients	52	RT-PCR	788	16.24%	Fall and Winter	GII.4	[77]
	Children <12	In and Outpatients	30	RT-PCR	632	17.40%	Winter and Summer	GII.4	[78]
Turkey	Children <17	In and Outpatients	12	Multiplex RT-PCR	240	23.34%			[79]
	Children <16	In and Outpatients	24	IC	1027	10.90%	Spring and Winter		[41]
	Children <5	In and Outpatients	16	RT-PCR	150	10.00%		GII	[80]
	Children <16	Inpatients	12	IC	520	9.81%	Summer		[40]
	Children <6	NM	11	ELISA / RT-PCR	150	22.80%		GII.4	[81]
	Children <14	Inpatients	16	ELISA / RT-PCR / rRT-PCR	238	15.13%		GII.4	[82]
	Children <6	NM	11	Multiplex RT-PCR / EM	144	27.70%		GII.4	[83]
	Children <10	Inpatients	8	RT-PCR	88	17.05%		GII.4	[84]
Yemen	Children <5	In and Outpatients	17	RT-PCR	290	10.35%		GII.4	[85]

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ISSN: 1743-422X

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