From: The epidemiology of Norovirus in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region: a systematic review
Country | Population | Participants’ Setting | Study Period (months) | Detection Method | n | Positive Rate | Seasonal Peaks | Predominant Genogroup/Genotype | Article Number |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Djibouti | Adults | Inpatients | 18 | RT-PCR | 75 | 25.34% | GII.14 | [55] | |
Egypt | Children <3 | Inpatients | 24 | RT-PCR | 86 | 25.58% | GII | [56] | |
Children <15 | Outpatients | 12 | RT-PCR | 500 | 16.20% | [57] | |||
Children <5 | Outpatients | 36 | EIA | 2112 | 26.00% | Summer | [58] | ||
Children <18 | In and Outpatients | 12 | RT-PCR | 230 | 13.48% | Winter | GII.4 | [59] | |
Iran | Infants <1 | In and Outpatients | 3 | IC | 82 | 32.92% | [60] | ||
Children <7 | Inpatients | 24 | EIA | 375 | 12.53% | Fall | [61] | ||
Children <5 | Inpatients | NM | RT-PCR | 2170 | 4.14% | [62] | |||
All Ages | Inpatients | 12 | RT-PCR | 293 | 9.89% | GII.4 | [63] | ||
Children <5 | Inpatients | 24 | Nested RT-PCR | 143 | 6.29% | GII | [64] | ||
Children <17 | Inpatients | 24 | Nested RT-PCR | 47 | 21.30% | GII.4 | [65] | ||
Iraq | Children <5 | Inpatients | 2 | RT-PCR | 260 | 30.00% | GII.4 | [66] | |
Israel | Children <5 | In and Outpatients | 84 | rRT-PCR | 673 | 9.95% | GII.4 | [67] | |
Children <5 | Inpatients | 38 | rRT-PCR | 515 | 17.28% | GII.4 | [68] | ||
Jordan | Children <5 | Inpatients | 24 | rRT-PCR | 368 | 11.41% | GII.3 | [69] | |
Kuwait | Children <5 | Inpatients | 9 | ELISA / RT-PCR | 170 | 5.23% | GII.4 | [70] | |
Lebanon | Children <10 | Inpatients | 2 | EIA / RT-PCR | 79 | 6.32% | GII | [71] | |
Libya | Children <5 | In and Outpatients | 12 | rRT-PCR | 520 | 17.50% | Summer | GII.4 | [72] |
Children <5 | Outpatients | 8 | EIA | 239 | 15.48% | Fall | [39] | ||
Morocco | Children <5 | Inpatients | 12 | Multiplex RT-PCR | 122 | 0.82% | Winter | [33] | |
Children <5 | Inpatients | 12 | rRT-PCR | 335 | 16.12% | Summer | GII.4 | [73] | |
Qatar | All Ages | In and Outpatients | 6 | Multiplex rRT-PCR | 288 | 28.47% | [74] | ||
Saudi Arabia | Children <6 | In and Outpatients | 12 | ELISA | 253 | 3.56% | Fall and Spring | [37] | |
Children <5 | Inpatients | 6 | EIA | 284 | 4.58% | [38] | |||
Tunisia | Children <6 | Inpatients | 18 | rRT-PCR | 114 | 36.84% | Winter | GII.3 | [34] |
Children <6 | Outpatients and Community | 12 | Multiplex RT-PCR | 178 | 8.99% | Fall and Winter | GII.3 | [75] | |
Children <13 | In and Outpatients | 36 | RT-PCR | 407 | 9.34% | Winter | GII.3 | [76] | |
Children <12 | In and Outpatients | 52 | RT-PCR | 788 | 16.24% | Fall and Winter | GII.4 | [77] | |
Children <12 | In and Outpatients | 30 | RT-PCR | 632 | 17.40% | Winter and Summer | GII.4 | [78] | |
Turkey | Children <17 | In and Outpatients | 12 | Multiplex RT-PCR | 240 | 23.34% | [79] | ||
Children <16 | In and Outpatients | 24 | IC | 1027 | 10.90% | Spring and Winter | [41] | ||
Children <5 | In and Outpatients | 16 | RT-PCR | 150 | 10.00% | GII | [80] | ||
Children <16 | Inpatients | 12 | IC | 520 | 9.81% | Summer | [40] | ||
Children <6 | NM | 11 | ELISA / RT-PCR | 150 | 22.80% | GII.4 | [81] | ||
Children <14 | Inpatients | 16 | ELISA / RT-PCR / rRT-PCR | 238 | 15.13% | GII.4 | [82] | ||
Children <6 | NM | 11 | Multiplex RT-PCR / EM | 144 | 27.70% | GII.4 | [83] | ||
Children <10 | Inpatients | 8 | RT-PCR | 88 | 17.05% | GII.4 | [84] | ||
Yemen | Children <5 | In and Outpatients | 17 | RT-PCR | 290 | 10.35% | GII.4 | [85] |