Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus

Polat, Meripet; Takeshima, Shin-nosuke; Aida, Yoko

doi:10.1186/s12985-017-0876-4

Virology Journal

Table 3 Detailed information on BLV infection levels worldwide

From: Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus

Geographical division	Country	Within country	BLV prevalence^a	References
Europe	Andorra	Nationwide	BLV-free, 1994	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Cyprus	Nationwide	BLV-free, 1995	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Czech Republic	Nationwide	BLV-free, 2010	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Denmark	Nationwide	BLV-free, 1990	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Estonia	Nationwide	BLV-free, 2013	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Finland	Nationwide	BLV-free, 2008	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Ireland	Nationwide	BLV-free, 1999	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Norway	Nationwide	BLV-free, 2002	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Spain	Nationwide	BLV-free, 1994	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Switzerland	Nationwide	BLV-free, 2005	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Sweden	Nationwide	BLV-free, 2007	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Slovenia	Nationwide	BLV-free, 2006	OIE, 2009 [103]
	UK	Nationwide	BLV-free, 1996	OIE, 2009 [103]
	The Netherlands	Nationwide	BLV-free, 2009	OIE, 2012 [17]
	Poland		BLV-free, 2017	EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, 2017 [110]
	Ukraine		Present	OIE, 2012 [17]; Rola-Luszczak et al., 2013 [100]
	Croatia		Present	OIE, 2012 [17]; Balik et al., 2012
	Italy		Present	OIE, 2009 [103]; Molteni et al., 1996 [144]
	Portugal		Present	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Belarus		Present	OIE, 2012 [17]; Rola-Luszczak et al., 2013 [100]
	Latvia		Present	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Romania		Restricted to certain area	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Bulgaria		Present	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Greece		Present	OIE, 2009 [103]
Oceania	Australia		BLV-free in dairy cattle, 2013	EPAHW, 2015 [113]
Oceania	New Zealand		BLV-free, 2008	Chethanond, 1999 [114]
North America	USA		83.9% dairy cattle; 39% beef cattle, 2007	APHIS, 2008 [115]
	Canada	Nationwide	89% at herd level	APHIS, 2008 [115]
		Nationwide	78% at herd level, 1998–2003	Nekouei, 2015 [13]
		Saskatchewan	37.2% at individual level, 2001	VanLeeuwen et al., 2001 [116]
		Maritime	20.8% at individual and 70.0% at herd level, 1998–1999	VanLeeuwen et al., 2005 [117]
		Maritime	30.4% at individual and 90.8% at herd level, 2013	Nekouei, 2015 [118]
	Mexico	Nationwide	36.1% of dairy and 4.0% of beef cattle, 1983	Suzan et al., 1983 [119]
South America	Brazil		17.1% to 60.8%, 1980–1989 and 1992–1995	Sammara et al., 1997 [120] ; D’Angelino et al., 1998 [121]
	Argentina	Buenos Aires	77.4% at individual and 90.9% at herd level, 2007	Polat et al., 2016 [75]
		Multiple regions	32.85% at individual and 84% at herd level, 1998–1999	Trono et al., 2001 [124]
	Chile	Southern region	27.9% at individual level, 2009	Polat et al., 2016 [75]
	Bolivia	Multiple regions	30.7% at individual level, 2008	Polat et al., 2016 [75]
	Peru	Multiple regions	42.3% at individual level, 2008	Polat et al., 2016 [75]
		Multiple regions	31.0% at individual level, 1983	Ch, 1983 [125]
	Venezuela	Nationwide	33.3% at individual level, 1978	Marin et al., 1978 [126]
	Uruguay		Present	Moratorio et al., 2010 [127]
	Paraguay	Asuncion	54.7% at individual level, 2008	Polat et al., 2016 [75]
	Colombia	Narino	19.8% at individual level, 2013	Benavides et al., 2013 [131]
Africa	South Africa		BLV-free, 2012	OIE, 2012 [17]
	Tunisia		BLV-free, 2005	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Egypt		BLV-free, 1997	OIE, 2009 [103]
Asia	Kazakhstan		BLV-free, 2007	OIE, 2009 [103]
	Kyrgyzstan		BLV-free, 2008	OIE, 2009 [103]
	China		49.1% of dairy and 1.6% of beef cattle, 2013–2014	Yang et al., 2016 [132]
	Japan	Nationwide	40.9% of dairy and 28.7% of beef cattle, 2009–2011	Murakami et al., 2013 [136]
		Nationwide	79.1% of dairy herd, 2007	Kobayashi et al., 2010 [134]
		Nationwide	28.6% overall; 34.7% of dairy, 16.3% of beef, and 7.9% of fattening beef cattle, 2007	Murakami et al., 2011 [135]
		Nationwide	73.3% at individual cattle, 2012–2014	Ohno et al., 2015 [83]
	Mongolia		3.9% of dairy cattle, 2014	Ochirkhuu et al., 2016 [77]
	Cambodia		5.3% of draught cattle, 2000	Meas et al., 2000 [137]
	Taiwan		5.8% of dairy cattle, 1986	Wang et al., 1991 [48]
	Iran	Nationwide	Between 22.1% to 25.4%, 2012–2014	Nekoei et al., 2015 [138]; Mousavi et al., 2014 [139].
		Khorasan Razavi	29.8% of dairy cattle, 2009	Mousavi et al., 2014 [139].
		Khorasan Shomali	1.5% of dairy cattle, 2009	Mousavi et al., 2014 [139].
	Thailand		58.7% of cattle, 2013–2014	Lee et al., 2016 [102]
	Philippines		4.8% to 9.7% of cattle, 2010–2012	Polat et al., 2015 [74]
	Myanmar		9.1% at individual level 2016	Polat et al., 2016 [76]
	Korea		54.2% of dairy cattle and 86.8% of dairy herds; 0.14% of beef cattle, 2014	Lee et al., 2015 [101]
Middle East	Israeli		5% at individual level	Trainin & Brenner, 2005 [140]
	Saudi Arabia		20.2% of dairy cattle, 1990	Hafez et al., 1990 [141]
	Turkey		48.3% of dairy herd	Burgu et al., 2005 [142]

BLV prevalence in this table shows BLV infection in certain specific period. Therefore, there might be a change in BLV prevalence in different times
APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, BLV bovine leukemia virus, EFSA European Food Safety Authority, EPAHW European Panal on Animal Health and Welfare, OIE The World Organisation for Animal Health
Note: ^aBLV prevalence in each sample collection year; however, no information about sample collection year was provided in some cases

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ISSN: 1743-422X

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