From: Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus
Geographical division | Country | Within country | BLV prevalencea | References |
---|---|---|---|---|
Europe | Andorra | Nationwide | BLV-free, 1994 | OIE, 2009 [103] |
Cyprus | Nationwide | BLV-free, 1995 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
Czech Republic | Nationwide | BLV-free, 2010 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
Denmark | Nationwide | BLV-free, 1990 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
Estonia | Nationwide | BLV-free, 2013 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
Finland | Nationwide | BLV-free, 2008 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
Ireland | Nationwide | BLV-free, 1999 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
Norway | Nationwide | BLV-free, 2002 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
Spain | Nationwide | BLV-free, 1994 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
Switzerland | Nationwide | BLV-free, 2005 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
Sweden | Nationwide | BLV-free, 2007 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
Slovenia | Nationwide | BLV-free, 2006 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
UK | Nationwide | BLV-free, 1996 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
The Netherlands | Nationwide | BLV-free, 2009 | OIE, 2012 [17] | |
Poland | BLV-free, 2017 | EFSA Panel on Animal Health and Welfare, 2017 [110] | ||
Ukraine | Present | OIE, 2012 [17]; Rola-Luszczak et al., 2013 [100] | ||
Croatia | Present | OIE, 2012 [17]; Balik et al., 2012 | ||
Italy | Present | OIE, 2009 [103]; Molteni et al., 1996 [144] | ||
Portugal | Present | OIE, 2009 [103] | ||
Belarus | Present | OIE, 2012 [17]; Rola-Luszczak et al., 2013 [100] | ||
Latvia | Present | OIE, 2009 [103] | ||
Romania | Restricted to certain area | OIE, 2009 [103] | ||
Bulgaria | Present | OIE, 2009 [103] | ||
Greece | Present | OIE, 2009 [103] | ||
Oceania | Australia | BLV-free in dairy cattle, 2013 | EPAHW, 2015 [113] | |
New Zealand | BLV-free, 2008 | Chethanond, 1999 [114] | ||
North America | USA | 83.9% dairy cattle; 39% beef cattle, 2007 | APHIS, 2008 [115] | |
Canada | Nationwide | 89% at herd level | APHIS, 2008 [115] | |
Nationwide | 78% at herd level, 1998–2003 | Nekouei, 2015 [13] | ||
Saskatchewan | 37.2% at individual level, 2001 | VanLeeuwen et al., 2001 [116] | ||
Maritime | 20.8% at individual and 70.0% at herd level, 1998–1999 | VanLeeuwen et al., 2005 [117] | ||
Maritime | 30.4% at individual and 90.8% at herd level, 2013 | Nekouei, 2015 [118] | ||
Mexico | Nationwide | 36.1% of dairy and 4.0% of beef cattle, 1983 | Suzan et al., 1983 [119] | |
South America | Brazil | 17.1% to 60.8%, 1980–1989 and 1992–1995 | Sammara et al., 1997 [120] ; D’Angelino et al., 1998 [121] | |
Argentina | Buenos Aires | 77.4% at individual and 90.9% at herd level, 2007 | Polat et al., 2016 [75] | |
Multiple regions | 32.85% at individual and 84% at herd level, 1998–1999 | Trono et al., 2001 [124] | ||
Chile | Southern region | 27.9% at individual level, 2009 | Polat et al., 2016 [75] | |
Bolivia | Multiple regions | 30.7% at individual level, 2008 | Polat et al., 2016 [75] | |
Peru | Multiple regions | 42.3% at individual level, 2008 | Polat et al., 2016 [75] | |
Multiple regions | 31.0% at individual level, 1983 | Ch, 1983 [125] | ||
Venezuela | Nationwide | 33.3% at individual level, 1978 | Marin et al., 1978 [126] | |
Uruguay | Present | Moratorio et al., 2010 [127] | ||
Paraguay | Asuncion | 54.7% at individual level, 2008 | Polat et al., 2016 [75] | |
Colombia | Narino | 19.8% at individual level, 2013 | Benavides et al., 2013 [131] | |
Africa | South Africa | BLV-free, 2012 | OIE, 2012 [17] | |
Tunisia | BLV-free, 2005 | OIE, 2009 [103] | ||
Egypt | BLV-free, 1997 | OIE, 2009 [103] | ||
Asia | Kazakhstan | BLV-free, 2007 | OIE, 2009 [103] | |
Kyrgyzstan | BLV-free, 2008 | OIE, 2009 [103] | ||
China | 49.1% of dairy and 1.6% of beef cattle, 2013–2014 | Yang et al., 2016 [132] | ||
Japan | Nationwide | 40.9% of dairy and 28.7% of beef cattle, 2009–2011 | Murakami et al., 2013 [136] | |
Nationwide | 79.1% of dairy herd, 2007 | Kobayashi et al., 2010 [134] | ||
Nationwide | 28.6% overall; 34.7% of dairy, 16.3% of beef, and 7.9% of fattening beef cattle, 2007 | Murakami et al., 2011 [135] | ||
Nationwide | 73.3% at individual cattle, 2012–2014 | Ohno et al., 2015 [83] | ||
Mongolia | 3.9% of dairy cattle, 2014 | Ochirkhuu et al., 2016 [77] | ||
Cambodia | 5.3% of draught cattle, 2000 | Meas et al., 2000 [137] | ||
Taiwan | 5.8% of dairy cattle, 1986 | Wang et al., 1991 [48] | ||
Iran | Nationwide | Between 22.1% to 25.4%, 2012–2014 | Nekoei et al., 2015 [138]; Mousavi et al., 2014 [139]. | |
Khorasan Razavi | 29.8% of dairy cattle, 2009 | Mousavi et al., 2014 [139]. | ||
Khorasan Shomali | 1.5% of dairy cattle, 2009 | Mousavi et al., 2014 [139]. | ||
Thailand | 58.7% of cattle, 2013–2014 | Lee et al., 2016 [102] | ||
Philippines | 4.8% to 9.7% of cattle, 2010–2012 | Polat et al., 2015 [74] | ||
Myanmar | 9.1% at individual level 2016 | Polat et al., 2016 [76] | ||
Korea | 54.2% of dairy cattle and 86.8% of dairy herds; 0.14% of beef cattle, 2014 | Lee et al., 2015 [101] | ||
Middle East | Israeli | 5% at individual level | Trainin & Brenner, 2005 [140] | |
Saudi Arabia | 20.2% of dairy cattle, 1990 | Hafez et al., 1990 [141] | ||
Turkey | 48.3% of dairy herd | Burgu et al., 2005 [142] |