Fig. 4
From: Host Cell Copper Transporters CTR1 and ATP7A are important for Influenza A virus replication
Alteration of copper does not disrupt virion neuraminidase activity or particle morphology. A549 cells were untreated (Naught) or treated 24 hours with 50 μM CuCl2 or 10 μM TTM before infection with influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus (MOI = 1). (a) Extracellular virus was harvested from cell supernatants 48 h.p.i. and analyzed by fluorescent substrate-based neuraminidase assay. Relative fluorescent units were normalized to the number of plaque forming units (PFU) in each sample. The means of 6 technical replicates are displayed as points, with the mean and standard deviation of three biological replicates indicated with whiskers. (b) Cells were fixed 12 h.p.i. for transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis of viral particles budding from plasma membrane; (i) no treatment (Naught), (ii) 10 μM TTM, (iii) 50 μM CuCl2. Scale bar, 200 nm