Fig. 2
From: Host Cell Copper Transporters CTR1 and ATP7A are important for Influenza A virus replication
Knockdown of host copper homeostasis genes affects viral growth. A549 cells were transfected with esiRNAs 48 hours before infection with influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1). (a) At the indicated times post infection, infectious particles released into the medium were determined by immunostain assay. A representative data set is shown (i), with mean and standard deviation from the control condition for 3 independent experiments shown in accompanying panel (ii). Titer = fluorescent center forming units per mL. (b) Total cellular RNA was harvested, and ATP7A and CTR1 transcripts quantified by qRT-PCR and normalized to 18S rRNA reference by ΔΔCt method. (c) ) Immunofluorescence microscopy evaluating knockdown depletion and subcellular localization of ATP7A and CTR1 in uninfected A549 cells; DAPI, blue; TGN46, magenta; CTR1, green (ii); ATP7A, green (ii). Scale bar, 10 μm