Fig. 1

In silico examination of transcription factor binding sites and response elements within the representative HIV-1 3′ LTR using ALGGEN-PROMO software [73]. The prototypic HIV-1 3′ LTR sequence used was obtained from GenBank, accession number K03455 (HXB2 strain). The known binding sites for NF-κB, Sp1, USF-1, and USF-2 transcription factors in the HIV-1 3′ LTR are flagged with an asterisk. Initiator motifs (INRs) are indicated in pink. Sequence annotations were performed using Geneious software [68]