Fig. 7

Status of HIV expression in different reservoirs. a Latent reservoir. HIV is not usually expressed, but upon cell-stimulation, only a fraction of inducible latent proviruses residing in resting memory CD4+ T-cells (shown in blue) can be reactivated to express virus in the presence or absence of ART. b Active reservoir. A model for RV-production from a pool of infected ‘semi-quiescent’ cells (shown in yellow) representing an expanded cell clone is illustrated here. Virus production may occur spontaneously in waves over time with or without ART. Such multiple clonally expanded infected cell lineages in tissues may simultaneously release virions during therapy, each contributing to residual viremia