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Fig. 1 | Virology Journal

Fig. 1

From: G45R mutation in the nonstructural protein 1 of A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (H1N1) enhances viral replication independent of dsRNA-binding activity and type I interferon biology

Fig. 1

Schematic diagram of wild type and chimeric NS1 proteins and growth kinetics of reverse genetics viruses, A/Puerto Rico/8/1934 (PR8) with X31 HA and NA (rX31) encoding wild type (WT) and mutated nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). a Wild type and chimeric NS1 proteins (230 amino acids in length) contain the RNA binding domain (RBD) (amino acid 1–73) and effector domain (EF) (amino acid 74–230). Chimera 1 contains the RBD derived from PR8 NS1 and the ED derived from A/swine/IA/15/1930 NS1 (IA30 NS1) whilst Chimera 2 contains the RBD derived from IA30 NS1 and the ED derived from PR8. b The viruses containing PR8 NS1, IA30 NS1, chimera 1 or chimera 2, and c PR8 NS1 with a single amino acid mutation (G45R, K55E, I68V and K70E) were infected in triplicate in A549 cells at an MOI of 0.01. Culture medium was collected every 24 h post infection for virus titration by TCID50 /ml in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells. *, ** and *** represent the statistically significant differences of mean titers compared to the WT at p < 0.05, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively, as determined by ANOVA

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