Bat origin of human coronaviruses

Table 1 Comparison of bat coronaviruses with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV in conserved replicase domains and structural proteins

CoV strain	Bat species	Country	% amino acid sequence identity^a with SARS-CoV or MERS-CoV
CoV strain	Bat species	Country	ADRP	3CLpro	RdRp	Hel	ExoN	NendoU	OMT	Concatenated domains^@	S	E	M	N
HKU3	Rhinolophus sinicus	China	92.0	99.3	98.6	99.2	98.1	98.0	98.3	96.0	79.7	100	98.6	96.7
Rp3	Rhinolophus sinicus	China	95.4	99.7	99.5	99.7	99.2	97.4	98.3	97.7	80.3	100	97.3	98.1
Rm1	Rhinolophus macrotis	China	91.0	99.3	99.3	99.3	97.9	97.1	98.0	95.6	80.6	98.7	97.3	97.6
Rf1	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum	China	92.3	99.7	98.6	99.5	97.9	97.7	96.3	96.0	78.4	96.1	97.7	95.5
Rs672	Rhinolophus sinicus	China	97.0	99.3	99.8	99.3	99.1	98.6	99.0	98.4	80.2	100	98.6	98.6
Rs3367	Rhinolophus sinicus	China	97.0	100	99.6	99.8	99.2	98.3	98.0	98.4	92.3	100	98.2	100
RsSHC014	Rhinolophus sinicus	China	96.9	99.7	99.6	99.8	99.2	98.8	97.7	98.4	90.0	98.7	98.2	99.5
WIV1	Rhinolophus sinicus	China	97.0	99.7	99.5	99.8	99.2	98.8	98.0	98.4	92.2	100	98.2	99.8
Cp/Yunnan 2011	Chaerephon plicata	China	97.6	100	99.1	98.5	98.1	98.6	97.3	98.2	81.1	100	99.1	98.1
Rp/Shaanxi 2011	Rhinolophus pusillus	China	93.5	100	99.2	99.7	98.9	97.7	99.0	96.9	81.1	97.4	96.8	98.1
YNLF_31C	Rhinolophus ferrumequinum	China	97.2	99.7	99.6	99.7	99.4	98.3	97.7	98.4	79.2	100	98.6	98.3
BM48-31	Rhinolophus blasii	Bulgaria	76.8	94.4	98.0	98.1	95.6	91.9	91.6	88.3	75.9	92.1	91.4	88.5
HKU4-1	Tylonycteris pachypus	China	55.5	81	89.8	92.1	85.4	76	82.8	78.4	67	56.1	79	65.8
HKU5-1	Pipistrellus abramus	China	56.4	82.6	91.8	93.8	91.7	79.7	85.7	80.1	64	53.6	79	61.4
NeoCoV	Neoromica capensis	South Africa	86.7	96.7	98	98.4	98.2	94.1	96.3	95	64	87.7	94.2	91
SC2013	Vespertilio superans	China	53.5	79	88.5	93.4	85.6	76.6	88.1	85.7	69	84.5	84.7	74.4

^aCalculated with MEGA5.1 using a pairwise deletion option; Bat SL-CoVs are listed in the upper part of the table while camel MERS-CoV and bat CoVs related to MERS-CoV in the lower part
@Seven domains were series connected and calculated with MEGA5.1 using a pairwise deletion option
ADRP, ADP-ribose 1-phosphatase; 3CLpro, coronavirus NSP5 protease; RdRp RNA-dependent RNA polymerase; Hel, helicase; ExoN, exoribonuclease; NendoU, endoribonuclease; OMT, 2’-O-methyltransferase
GenBank accession numbers: Tor2, NC_004718; HKU3, DQ022305; Rp3, DQ071615; Rm1, DQ412043; Rf1, DQ412042; Rs672, FJ588686; Rs3367, KC881006; RsSHC014, KC881005; WIV1, KF367457; Cp/Yunnan2011, JX993988; Rp/Shaanxi2011, JX993987; YNLF_31C, KP886808; EMC/2012, JX869059; HKU5-1, NC_009020; HKU4-1, NC_009019; BetaCoV/SC2013, KJ473821; NeoCoV, KC869678

ISSN: 1743-422X