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Table 2 Risk factors of single and multiple carcinogenic HPV infection in unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression

From: The diversity of human papillomavirus infection among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women in Yunnan, China

Factor

Total

No carcinogenicHPV infectiona

Single carcinogenic HPV

Multiple carcinogenic HPV

 

N (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Unadjusted OR (95%CI)

p

n (%)

Unadjusted OR (95%CI)

p

Unadjusted analysis

        

Age

        

(per year increase)

301(100.0)

188(100.0)

80(100.0)

1.03(1.00-1.06)

0.025

33(100.0)

1.02(0.98-1.01)

0.279

Married status

        

  No-cohabiting

66(21.9)

39(20.7)

17(21.3)

1.00

 

10(30.3)

1.00

 

Married/cohabiting

235(78.1)

149(79.3)

63(78.8)

0.97(0.51-1.84)

0.926

23(69.7)

0.60(0.27-1.37)

0.226

Completed years of education

       

  ≤4

151(50.2)

98(52.1)

38(47.5)

1.00

 

15(45.5)

1.00

 

  ≥5

150(49.8)

90(47.9)

42(52.5)

1.20(0.71-2.03)

0.488

18(54.5)

1.31(0.62-2.75)

0.480

Family income (USD)

        

  ≤80.5 per month

134(44.5)

79(42.0)

37(46.3)

1.00

 

18(54.5)

1.00

 

  >80.5 per month

167(55.5)

109(58.0)

43(53.8)

0.84(0.50-1.43)

0.523

15(45.5)

0.60(0.29-1.27)

0.184

Smoking

        

  No

253(84.1)

157(83.5)

70(87.5)

1.00

 

26(78.8)

1.00

 

  Yes

48(15.9)

31(16.5)

10(12.5)

0.72(0.34-1.56)

0.408

7(21.2)

1.36(0.54-3.42)

0.509

Patient’s partner infected with HIV

       

  No

113(37.5)

70(37.2)

34(42.5)

1.00

 

9(27.3)

1.00

 

  Yes

188(62.5)

118(62.8)

46(57.5)

0.80(0.47-1.37)

0.419

24(72.7)

1.58(0.70-3.60)

0.274

Age at first sex

        

  ≤18 years

95(31.6)

62(33.0)

24(30.0)

1.00

 

9(27.3)

1.00

 

  >18 years

206(68.4)

126(67.0)

56(70.0)

1.15(0.65-2.02)

0.633

24(72.7)

1.31(0.58-2.99)

0.518

Lifetime sex partners

        

  ≤2

213(70.8)

137(72.9)

55(68.8)

1.00

 

21(63.6)

1.00

 

  >2

88(29.2)

51(27.1)

25(31.3)

1.22(0.69-2.61)

0.494

12(36.4)

1.54(0.80-3.34)

0.281

History of STI

        

  No

228(75.7)

136(72.3)

66(82.5)

1.00

 

26(78.8)

1.00

 

  Yes

73(24.3)

52(27.7)

14(17.5)

0.56(0.29-1.07)

0.080

7(21.2)

0.70(0.29-1.72)

0.442

Condom use

        

  No

124(41.2)

84(44.7)

26(32.5)

1.00

 

14(42.4)

1.00

 

  Yes

177(58.8)

104(55.3)

54(67.5)

1.68(0.97-2.91)

0.065

19(57.6)

1.10(0.52-2.32)

0.810

Total number of pregnancies

        

  <3

160(53.2)

101(53.7)

41(51.3)

1.00

 

18(54.5)

1.00

 

  ≥3

141(46.8)

87(46.3)

39(48.8)

1.10(0.65-1.87)

0.710

15(45.5)

0.97(0.46-2.03)

0.930

CD4+ cell count

        

(increase by 100/μL)

301(100.0)

188(100.0)

80(100.0)

0.89(0.80-0.99)

0.039

33(100.0)

0.91(0.78-1.06)

0.230

ART therapy

        

  No

108(35.9)

71(37.8)

24(30.0)

1.00

 

13(39.4)

1.00

 

  Yes

193(64.1)

117(62.2)

56(70.0)

1.42(0.81-2.48)

0.225

20(60.6)

0.93(0.44-1.99)

0.859

Duration on ART (years)

        

  No

108(35.9)

71(37.8)

24(30.0)

1.00

 

13(39.4)

1.00

 

  <2

94(31.2)

51(27.1)

28(35.0)

1.62(0.85-3.12)

0.146

15(45.5)

1.61(0.70-3.67)

0.260

  ≥2

99(32.9)

66(35.1)

28(35.0)

1.26(0.66-2.38)

0.487

5(15.2)

0.41(0.14-1.22)

0.111

Cervical lesion

        

  No

251(83.4)

173(92.0)

57(71.3)

1.00

 

21(63.6)

1.00

 

  Yes

50(16.6)

15(8.0)

23(28.8)

4.65(2.27-9.52)

<0.001

12(36.4)

6.59(2.72-15.95)

<0.001

 

Total

No carcinogenic HPV infection a

Single carcinogenic HPV

Multiple carcinogenic HPV

 

N (%)

n (%)

n (%)

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

p

n (%)

Adjusted OR (95%CI)

p

Multivariable-adjusted analysis b

        

Age

        

(per year increase)

301(100.0)

188(100.0)

80(100.0)

1.04(1.01-1.07)

0.012

33(100.0)

1.03(0.99-1.08)

0.132

CD4+

        

(increase by 100 μL)

301(100.0)

188(100.0)

80(100.0)

1.00(1.00-1.00)

0.143

33(100.0)

1.00(1.00-1.00)

0.422

Cervical lesion

        

  No

251(83.4)

173(92.0)

57(71.3)

1.00

 

21(63.6)

1.00

 

  Yes

50(16.6)

15(8.0)

23(28.8)

5.37(2.57-11.23)

<0.001

12(36.4)

7.39(2.98-18.29)

<0.001

  1. Statistically significant (p < 0.05) estimates are bolded and italicized. OR: Odds Ratio. 95%CI: Lower limits and upper limits of the 95% Confidence intervals. CIN, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. HPV, human papillomavirus. STI, sexually transmitted infection. ART, antiretroviral therapy.
  2. Carcinogenic HPV includes HPV 16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59 and 68.
  3. aNo carcinogenic HPV infection refers to absence of all 13 types of carcinogenic HPV.
  4. bOnly factors that were statistically significant (p < 0.05) in the unadjusted analysis were included in the multivariable-adjusted analysis.
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