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Table 2 Risk factors of single and multiple carcinogenic HPV infection in unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted multinomial logistic regression
| Factor | Total | No carcinogenicHPV infectiona | Single carcinogenic HPV | Multiple carcinogenic HPV | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | n (%) | n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | p | n (%) | Unadjusted OR (95%CI) | p | |
| Unadjusted analysis | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| (per year increase) | 301(100.0) | 188(100.0) | 80(100.0) | 1.03(1.00-1.06) | 0.025 | 33(100.0) | 1.02(0.98-1.01) | 0.279 |
| Married status | ||||||||
| No-cohabiting | 66(21.9) | 39(20.7) | 17(21.3) | 1.00 | 10(30.3) | 1.00 | ||
| Married/cohabiting | 235(78.1) | 149(79.3) | 63(78.8) | 0.97(0.51-1.84) | 0.926 | 23(69.7) | 0.60(0.27-1.37) | 0.226 |
| Completed years of education | ||||||||
| ≤4 | 151(50.2) | 98(52.1) | 38(47.5) | 1.00 | 15(45.5) | 1.00 | ||
| ≥5 | 150(49.8) | 90(47.9) | 42(52.5) | 1.20(0.71-2.03) | 0.488 | 18(54.5) | 1.31(0.62-2.75) | 0.480 |
| Family income (USD) | ||||||||
| ≤80.5 per month | 134(44.5) | 79(42.0) | 37(46.3) | 1.00 | 18(54.5) | 1.00 | ||
| >80.5 per month | 167(55.5) | 109(58.0) | 43(53.8) | 0.84(0.50-1.43) | 0.523 | 15(45.5) | 0.60(0.29-1.27) | 0.184 |
| Smoking | ||||||||
| No | 253(84.1) | 157(83.5) | 70(87.5) | 1.00 | 26(78.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 48(15.9) | 31(16.5) | 10(12.5) | 0.72(0.34-1.56) | 0.408 | 7(21.2) | 1.36(0.54-3.42) | 0.509 |
| Patient’s partner infected with HIV | ||||||||
| No | 113(37.5) | 70(37.2) | 34(42.5) | 1.00 | 9(27.3) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 188(62.5) | 118(62.8) | 46(57.5) | 0.80(0.47-1.37) | 0.419 | 24(72.7) | 1.58(0.70-3.60) | 0.274 |
| Age at first sex | ||||||||
| ≤18 years | 95(31.6) | 62(33.0) | 24(30.0) | 1.00 | 9(27.3) | 1.00 | ||
| >18 years | 206(68.4) | 126(67.0) | 56(70.0) | 1.15(0.65-2.02) | 0.633 | 24(72.7) | 1.31(0.58-2.99) | 0.518 |
| Lifetime sex partners | ||||||||
| ≤2 | 213(70.8) | 137(72.9) | 55(68.8) | 1.00 | 21(63.6) | 1.00 | ||
| >2 | 88(29.2) | 51(27.1) | 25(31.3) | 1.22(0.69-2.61) | 0.494 | 12(36.4) | 1.54(0.80-3.34) | 0.281 |
| History of STI | ||||||||
| No | 228(75.7) | 136(72.3) | 66(82.5) | 1.00 | 26(78.8) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 73(24.3) | 52(27.7) | 14(17.5) | 0.56(0.29-1.07) | 0.080 | 7(21.2) | 0.70(0.29-1.72) | 0.442 |
| Condom use | ||||||||
| No | 124(41.2) | 84(44.7) | 26(32.5) | 1.00 | 14(42.4) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 177(58.8) | 104(55.3) | 54(67.5) | 1.68(0.97-2.91) | 0.065 | 19(57.6) | 1.10(0.52-2.32) | 0.810 |
| Total number of pregnancies | ||||||||
| <3 | 160(53.2) | 101(53.7) | 41(51.3) | 1.00 | 18(54.5) | 1.00 | ||
| ≥3 | 141(46.8) | 87(46.3) | 39(48.8) | 1.10(0.65-1.87) | 0.710 | 15(45.5) | 0.97(0.46-2.03) | 0.930 |
| CD4+ cell count | ||||||||
| (increase by 100/μL) | 301(100.0) | 188(100.0) | 80(100.0) | 0.89(0.80-0.99) | 0.039 | 33(100.0) | 0.91(0.78-1.06) | 0.230 |
| ART therapy | ||||||||
| No | 108(35.9) | 71(37.8) | 24(30.0) | 1.00 | 13(39.4) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 193(64.1) | 117(62.2) | 56(70.0) | 1.42(0.81-2.48) | 0.225 | 20(60.6) | 0.93(0.44-1.99) | 0.859 |
| Duration on ART (years) | ||||||||
| No | 108(35.9) | 71(37.8) | 24(30.0) | 1.00 | 13(39.4) | 1.00 | ||
| <2 | 94(31.2) | 51(27.1) | 28(35.0) | 1.62(0.85-3.12) | 0.146 | 15(45.5) | 1.61(0.70-3.67) | 0.260 |
| ≥2 | 99(32.9) | 66(35.1) | 28(35.0) | 1.26(0.66-2.38) | 0.487 | 5(15.2) | 0.41(0.14-1.22) | 0.111 |
| Cervical lesion | ||||||||
| No | 251(83.4) | 173(92.0) | 57(71.3) | 1.00 | 21(63.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 50(16.6) | 15(8.0) | 23(28.8) | 4.65(2.27-9.52) | <0.001 | 12(36.4) | 6.59(2.72-15.95) | <0.001 |
| Total | No carcinogenic HPV infection a | Single carcinogenic HPV | Multiple carcinogenic HPV | |||||
| N (%) | n (%) | n (%) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | p | n (%) | Adjusted OR (95%CI) | p | |
| Multivariable-adjusted analysis b | ||||||||
| Age | ||||||||
| (per year increase) | 301(100.0) | 188(100.0) | 80(100.0) | 1.04(1.01-1.07) | 0.012 | 33(100.0) | 1.03(0.99-1.08) | 0.132 |
| CD4+ | ||||||||
| (increase by 100 μL) | 301(100.0) | 188(100.0) | 80(100.0) | 1.00(1.00-1.00) | 0.143 | 33(100.0) | 1.00(1.00-1.00) | 0.422 |
| Cervical lesion | ||||||||
| No | 251(83.4) | 173(92.0) | 57(71.3) | 1.00 | 21(63.6) | 1.00 | ||
| Yes | 50(16.6) | 15(8.0) | 23(28.8) | 5.37(2.57-11.23) | <0.001 | 12(36.4) | 7.39(2.98-18.29) | <0.001 |
