Figure 5

Enhanced infection by HIV-1 IIIB is observed in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) following exposure to select polyanionic compounds. PBMCs were incubated for 1 h with (A) IC₉₀ or (B) IC₅₀ (the concentrations at which 50% or 90% virus inhibition is achieved, respectively) dextran sulfate (DS), cellulose sulfate (CS), or λ-carrageenan (LC). Following exposure, cells were washed thoroughly and either infected immediately with HIV-1 strain IIIB for 1 h or supplemented with new medium for up to 6 h before infection with HIV-1 IIIB (as described in Materials and Methods). Infectivity remaining is expressed relative to mock-treated, HIV-1-infected cells. Data for this experiment are shown as mean values and calculated standard deviations from two independent assays in which each concentration was examined in triplicate. Error bars represent standard deviations. *p ≤ 0.05; **p ≤ 0.01; ***p ≤ 0.001.