Author(s), Year | N | Individuals: total positive/total subjects | Shedding frequency: total positiveswabs/total swabs | Mouth swabs frequency: numberof swabs/subject |
---|---|---|---|---|
Buddingh et al., 1953 [56] | 368* | 30/368 (8.2%) | 30/368 (8.2%) | one |
Buddingh et al., 1953 [56] | 185** | 5/185 (2.4%) | 5/185 (2.7%) | one |
Kaufman et al., 1967 [57] | 35 | 6/35 (17.1%) | 6/700 (0.9%) | 20 |
Lindgren et al., 1968 [58] | 418 | 8/418 (1.9%) | 8/2204 (0.4%) | 5-6 |
Douglas & Couch, 1970 [59] | 10 | 8/10 (80%) | 11/494 (2.2%) | ~49 |
Hatherley et al., 1980 [60] | 384 | 37/384 (9.6%) | 47/1536 (3.1%) | 4 |
Spruance, 1984 [61] | 8 | 8/8 (100%) | 47/637 (7.4%) | 105 |
Kameyama et al., 1988 [62] | 110 | 5/110 (4.5%) | 70/7805 (0.9%) | 71 |
Tateishi et al., 1994 [63] | 1000 | 27/1000 (2.7%) | 27/1000 (2.7%) | one |
Okinaga, 2000 [64] | 10 | 4/10 (40%) | 4/870 (0.5%) | 87 |
Total | 2528 | 138/2528 (5.5%) | 255/15799 (1.6%) | Â |