Skip to main content
Figure 1 | Virology Journal

Figure 1

From: Influenza A H3N2 subtype virus NS1 protein targets into the nucleus and binds primarily via its C-terminal NLS2/NoLS to nucleolin and fibrillarin

Figure 1

NS1 protein in H3N2 type influenza A viruses targets into the nucleolus in virus-infected A549 cells. (A) A schematic representation of the intracellular targeting signals of the A/Udorn/72 virus NS1 protein. (B) Variations of putative C-terminal NLS2/NoLSs in selected influenza A virus NS1 proteins are presented. Critical amino acids 219, 220, 224, 227, 229, 231, and 232 that are involved in targeting the NS1 protein into the nucleus and nucleolus [37] are shown in boldface. (C) A549 cells grown directly on coverslips were infected with recombinant influenza A/WSN/33 (A/Brevig Mission/1/18 segm 8) or wt A/WSN/33 (H1N1), A/Udorn/72 (H3N2), A/Fin/554/09 (H1N1pdm09) and A/Mallard/Netherlands/12/00 (H7N3) viruses (MOI 5) for 9 h as indicated in the figure. After fixation, the cells were stained with rabbit anti-NS1 and fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled anti-rabbit immunoglobulins, followed by analysis with confocal laser microscopy. Bar, 5 μm.

Back to article page