Figure 5

FFA treatment induces an ER stress response in S3-GFP replicon cells. (A) ATF-6 firefly luciferase activity was measured in S3-GFP cells treated with different concentrations of FFA for 24 h. 24 h post transfection, luciferase activity was measured and values are expressed as fold induction of control. *P < 0.05, Student t test. (B) Western blot analysis showing that different concentration of FFA induces BIP, IRE1-α, phospho PKR, phospho eIF2α, and SOCS3 in S3-GFP replicons. β-actin levels were used as loading controls.