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Figure 1 | Virology Journal

Figure 1

From: Influenza A virus NS1 gene mutations F103L and M106I increase replication and virulence

Figure 1

Increased virulence and viral growth of NS1 mutants in in vitro and in vivo systems. A. Growth of rPR8 mutant viruses in MDCK cells. B. Growth of rPR8 mutant viruses in A549 human epithelial cells. Monolayers of MDCK or A549 cells were infected with each of the recombinant viruses at MOI = 0.001 in presence of trypsin. Supernatants were collected at 12, 24, 48 and 72 hpi and viral titer was assessed by plaque assay. Values are shown as averages +/- standard deviation. C. Growth of rPR8 mutant viruses in BALB/c lungs. Groups of 11 BALB/c mice were infected intranasally with 5 × 103 PFU. Lungs were collected at days 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 post infection. Organs were sonicated on ice and viral titer was assessed by plaque assay. Values are shown as averages +/- standard deviation at day 3 pi and +/- standard error for the rest of the time points. D. Virulence of rPR8 mutant viruses in BALB/c. Groups of 5 BALB/c were infected intranasally with 5 × 106 pfu with the rPR8 viruses. Survival was monitored for 14 dpi.

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