Table 1 Associations among nine respiratory pathogens in 316 ARTI children

Single infection

50

15.8

30.5

Coinfection, two pathogens

52

16.5

31.7

Flu A + Flu B

34

10.8

Flu-A + Adv

3

0.9

Adv + PIV 3

3

0.9

CP + MP

2

0.6

PIV 1 + PIV 2

2

0.6

MP + Adv

2

0.6

Adv + Flu B/RSV

1/1

0.3/0.3

MP + Flu A/Flu B/RSV/PIV3

1/1/1/1

0.3/0.3/0.3/0.3

Coinfection, three pathogens

37

11.7

22.6

Flu A + Flu B + Adv

20

6.3

Flu A + Flu B + MP

6

1.9

Adv + MP + CP

2

0.6

Flu A + Adv + MP

3

0.9

Flu B + Adv + MP

1

0.3

Flu A + MP + CP

1

0.3

Flu B + PIV 2 + PIV 1

1

0.3

MP + CP + RSV

1

0.3

Flu A + Flu B + PIV 2/PIV 1

1/1

0.3/0.3

Coinfection, four pathogens

14

4.4

8.5

Adv + MP + Flu A + Flu B

5

1.6

Adv + MP + CP + PIV 3

2

0.6

Adv + Flu A + Flu B + PIV 3/RSV

2/1

0.6/0.3

Adv + CP + Flu A + Flu B

1

0.3

Adv + CP + PIV 1 + PIV 2

1

0.3

Adv + MP + PIV 1 + PIV 3

1

0.3

MP + PIV 1 + Flu A + Flu B

1

0.3

Coinfections, five pathogens

9

2.8

5.5

Adv + MP + Flu A + Flu B + PIV 3/PIV 1/CP

2/1/1

0.6/0.3/0.3

Adv + CP + MP + PIV 1 + PIV 2

1

0.3

Adv + PIV 1 + PIV 2 + PIV 3 + Flu B

1

0.3

CP + MP + Flu A + Flu B + PIV 3

1

0.3

Adv + CP + MP + RSV + Flu A/Flu B

1/1

0.3/0.3

Coinfections, six pathogens

2

0.6

1.2

Adv + Flu A + Flu B + PIV 3 + MP + CP

1

0.3

Adv + Flu A + Flu B + PIV 3 + PIV 1 + PIV 2

1

0.3

Total number of coinfections

114

36.1

69.5

Total number of episodes with pathogens detected

164

51.9

No pathogen detected

152

48.1

Total number of episodes

316