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Table 1 Selected miRNA and their cognate gene targets relevant to HCV infection

From: Regulation of gene expression by microRNA in HCV infection and HCV–mediated hepatocellular carcinoma

 

miRNA

Target

Function

miRNAs that promote HCV replication

miR-122

HCV 5'-UTR

Promote HCV replication [34, 40, 41] and IRES mediated HCV translation [52]

SOCS3

Enhance methylation at SOCS3 gene promoter, inhibits IFN-induced ISRE activity [51]

Cyclin G1

Promote viral replication induced by alcohol [54]

Xrn1

Inhibit 5′decay of HCV RNA [55]

miR-141

DLC

Up-regulated in HCV infection [35]

miR-130a

IFITM

Inhibits type I IFN signaling and promote HCV replication [36]

miR-21

MyD88 and IRAK1

Negatively regulate IFN signaling [62]

miRNAs that inhibit HCV replication

miR-196

NS5A region in HCV genome

Inhibition of HCV replication [37]

 

BACH1

Inhibits HCV RNA and NS5A protein expression [63]

miR-448

Core region of HCV genome

Inhibition of HCV replication [37]

let-7b

NS5B and 5'UTR regions in HCV genome

Reduces HCV infectivity [38]

BACH1

Repression of HCV expression [64]

miR-199a

HCV 5'-UTR

Inhibits viral replication [39]

 

miR-130a

IFNα/IFN β ?

Inhibits HCV RNA replication by increased expression of IFN-α/IFN- β and the ISGs [61]

  1. Abbreviations: UTR Un-translated region, SOCS3 suppressor of cytokine signaling 3, ISRE interferon stimulated responsive element, Xrn1 exoribonuclease enzyme, DLC-1 deleted in liver cancer 1, IFITM interferon inducible transmembrane protein, IRAK1 interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1, MyD88 myeloid differentiation factor 88, BACH1 transcription regulator protein, ISGs interferon stimulated genes.