An attenuated Lassa vaccine in SIV-infected rhesus macaques does not persist or cause arenavirus disease but does elicit Lassa virus-specific immunity

Zapata, Juan C; Poonia, Bhawna; Bryant, Joseph; Davis, Harry; Ateh, Eugene; George, Lanea; Crasta, Oswald; Zhang, Yan; Slezak, Tom; Jaing, Crystal; Pauza, C David; Goicochea, Marco; Moshkoff, Dmitry; Lukashevich, Igor S; Salvato, Maria S

doi:10.1186/1743-422X-10-52

Virology Journal

Table 1 Immune responses and viremia in SIV/ML29-infected monkeys and controls

From: An attenuated Lassa vaccine in SIV-infected rhesus macaques does not persist or cause arenavirus disease but does elicit Lassa virus-specific immunity

Animal ID	Cell-mediated immunity (IFNγ response) 1 week after vaccination^b	Antibody response^c	Plasma Viremia^d	Time of euthanasia after ML29^e	SIV viral load at set point^f
SIV/ML-1 sc^a	++++	++++	80 pfu/ml	Week 8	(M) 10⁵-10⁶
SIV/ML-2 sc	++	++++	----	>20 wks	(S) 10³-10⁴
SIV/ML-3 sc	++	+++	1000 pfu/ml	Week 4	(R) 10⁷-10⁸
SIV/ML-4 sc	++	++++	----	>20 wks	(M) 10⁵-10⁶
SIV/ML-5 sc	+++	+++	----	>20 wks	(S) 10⁴-10⁵
SIV/ML-6 ig	+++++	----	----	Week 14	(M) 10⁵-10⁶
SIV/ML-7 ig	----	----	----	Week 19	(M) 10⁵
SIV/ML-8 ig	+++	----	20 pfu/ml	>20 wks	(M) 10⁵-10⁶
SIV/ARM-1 sc	++	++	----	Week 16	(R) 10⁷
SIV/ARM-2 sc	++	++++	----	>20 wks	(S) 10⁴
SIV/ARM-3 sc	+++	+++	----	Week 9	(R) 10⁶-10⁷
ML-1 sc	+++	++++	----	>20 wks	----
ML-2 sc	+++	+++	----	>20 wks	----
ML-3 sc	++	+++	+	>20 wks	----
ML-4 sc	+++	+++	+	>20 wks	----
ML-5 sc	++	+++	----	>20 wks	----

^a SIV/ML-1 to SIV/ML-5 are macaques that were SIV-infected, then 393 days later, they were ML29-infected via a subcutaneous (sc) route. SIV/ML-6 to 8 were similarly SIV-infected, but then vaccinated with ML29 by an intragastric (ig) route. SIV/ARM-1 to 3 were SIV-infected and inoculated over a year later with LCMV-Armstrong by the subcutaneous route. Monkeys ML-1 through ML-5 were never SIV-infected and were all inoculated sc with ML29 only.
^b IFNγ responses for 8 SIV/ML animals, SIV/ARM animals and 5 ML29-vaccinated animals were followed up to 22 weeks. Primary arenavirus-specific responses were measured by IFNγ intracellular staining: maximum staining (+++++) corresponds to 0.4% of CD8+ cells, and minimum staining (+) corresponds to 0.012%. Since staining was negligible for CD4+ lymphocytes, measurements are only shown for CD8+ lymphocytes. (− − −) means non-detectable.
^c Arenavirus-specific antibody responses were measured by ELISA. The minimum and maximum optical density readings at 450 nm were 1.2 and 2.9 at 1:100 dilution, respectively. OD higher than 0.5 was considered positive.
^d Viremia in plasma of 3 ML29-vaccinated animals refers to the transient presence of infectious ML29 particles detected by conventional plaque assay. By sensitive 2-step co-cultivation assays, none of the other SIV-infected animals had detectable ML29 in plasma or urine. (+) in two non-SIV-infected monkeys means the plasma of these animals had co-cultivation-detectable ML29 in plasma (week 1 for ML-3 and week 2 for ML-4).
^e Time of euthanasia for those animals that lost more that 10% of body weight.
^f SIV viral loads. Animals were classified as Rapid AIDS progressors (R) with >10⁶ viral particles/ml; Medium, (M) between 10⁵-10⁶ viral particles/ml; and Slow (S) with <10⁵ viral particles/ml.

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ISSN: 1743-422X

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