Figure 3

Retinoid signaling is required for the inhibition of MuV in vitro . NB4 and R4 cells were infected with MuV at an MOI of 0.01, treated with 1 μM ATRA or DMSO and/or treated with 1000 U/mL IFNβ (PBL Interferon Source, New Jersey) as indicated. (A) Whole cell lysates were harvested after 48 hours and viral titers were measured by TCID₅₀. RNA was extracted and analyzed for IRF-1 (B) and RIG-I (C) expression by qPCR. Data presented reflect three experiments performed in triplicate (N = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.