Figure 1

In vitro inhibition of mumps virus by retinoids. (A) (B) U937 cells were infected with MuV at an MOI of 0.01 and treated with increasing doses of retinol or all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) as indicated. Whole cell lysates were harvested after 48 hours and viral titers were measured by TCID₅₀. (C) (D) RNA was extracted from parallel U937 cultures treated with increasing doses of retinol or ATRA and analyzed for RAR-β expression by qPCR. Data presented reflect three experiments performed in triplicate (N = 3). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.