Figure 5From: Classical swine fever virus triggers RIG-I and MDA5-dependent signaling pathway to IRF-3 and NF-κB activation to promote secretion of interferon and inflammatory cytokines in porcine alveolar macrophagesRIG-I or/and MDA5 knockdown attenuated CSFV-induced IFN and inflammatory cytokine production by porcine alveolar macrophages. (A) To determine knockdown efficiency, cells were untreated or transfected with shRNA targeting RIG-I or MDA5, or a combination of RIG-I and MDA5, and cultured for 24 h prior to analysis for protein expression of RIG-I, MDA5 and β-actin. (B) Expression of cytokines after shRNA knock-down. At 24 h following transfection, cells were infected with CSFV (MOI of 3) and cytokine secretion was measured. Data is expressed as mean ± SD. An asterisk indicates a statistically significant difference from uninfected cells, * P < 0.05 and ** P < 0.01.Back to article page