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Table 1 Cytokine response to TCRV infection

From: Vascular leak ensues a vigorous proinflammatory cytokine response to Tacaribe arenavirus infection in AG129 mice

      

Days post-infection

   

Tissue

Cytokine

Sham-infected

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

10

Serum

IL-4

9 ± 8

nd

nd

< 4a

26 ± 15

38 ± 7

27 ± 7

41 ± 24

44 ± 16

 

IL-6

103 ± 75

nd

nd

95 ± 73

516 ± 450

605 ± 192

438 ± 119

1927 ± 1431

3362 ± 3163

 

IL-10

12 ± 7

nd

nd

91 ± 22

106 ± 10

111 ± 60

172 ± 29

1110 ± 1055

598 ± 500

 

IL-17

10 ± 3

nd

nd

28 ± 1

38 ± 19

34 ± 2

46 ± 20

129 ± 88

68 ± 27*

 

MCP-1

81 ± 65

nd

nd

65 ± 8

733 ± 467

749 ± 129

688 ± 255

1257 ± 419**

1590 ± 665***

 

TNF-α

35 ± 10

nd

nd

< 7a

12 ± 7

57 ± 8

79 ± 32

165 ± 59

244 ± 136*

 

MIP-1α

52 ± 49

nd

nd

< 2a

24 ± 18

28 ± 22

593 ± 493

1023 ± 613

1041 ± 770

 

GM-CSF

30 ± 9

nd

nd

91 ± 22

95 ± 24

178 ± 121

147 ± 81

350 ± 292

371 ± 173

 

RANTES

52 ± 17

nd

nd

55 ± 13

89 ± 4

137 ± 56

172 ± 98

402 ± 129**

520 ± 193***

Brain

IL-6

306 ± 216

nd

nd

206 ± 8

168 ± 51

446 ± 92

150 ± 102

848 ± 725

516 ± 224

 

MCP-1

198 ± 76

nd

nd

90 ± 34

83 ± 1

313 ± 171

211 ± 17

1703 ± 1491

2538 ± 1315

Liver

IL-1α

1513 ± 430

1915 ± 575

1841 ± 591

3398 ± 667

3066 ± 390

3293 ± 1234

5436 ± 2061

13500 ± 2089**

ndc

 

IL-1β

8415 ± 3244

4859 ± 1427

4906 ± 1664

19130 ± 4061

17366 ± 678

15160 ± 4928

16980 ± 4176

54765 ± 8595**

ndc

 

IL-10

759 ± 239

1457 ± 627

1425 ± 542

1918 ± 329

1569 ± 4

1694 ± 428

1112 ± 387

5010 ± 1110***

ndc

 

IL-17

728 ± 429

871 ± 275

855 ± 344

1864 ± 383

1486 ± 135

1065 ± 373

1347 ± 681

15409 ± 4366***

ndc

 

MCP-1

842 ± 298

913 ± 755

955 ± 725

6879 ± 1464**

5426 ± 446*

3326 ± 916

3752 ± 1714

12370 ± 3673***

ndc

 

GM-CSF

2009 ± 812

2490 ± 976

2494 ± 993

4125 ± 980

3342 ± 131

2556 ± 937

3316 ± 1598

25400 ± 926***

ndc

 

MIP-1α

2630 ± 867

2464 ± 778

2276 ± 1102

834 ± 60

837 ± 46

3924 ± 1113

12205 ± 10866

80191 ± 17917***

ndc

Lung

IL-1α

447 ± 134

nd

nd

914 ± 332

518 ± 2

1020 ± 341

632 ± 90

1590 ± 1620

9510 ± 7262*

 

IL-2

393 ± 38

nd

nd

490 ± 8

633 ± 15

1690 ± 452

2000 ± 632

3012 ± 1502

8423 ± 7650

 

IL-3

392 ± 101

nd

nd

334 ± 36

364 ± 138

355 ± 104

279 ± 45

407 ± 126

2403 ± 101**

 

IL-4

401 ± 128

nd

nd

493 ± 286

328 ± 242

786 ± 156

486 ± 94

868 ± 411

3914 ± 2030**

 

IL-5

777 ± 110

nd

nd

609 ± 335

590 ± 30

1361 ± 273

891 ± 221

2033 ± 1246

5604 ± 2536***

 

IL-6

500 ± 216

nd

nd

276 ± 345

995 ± 314

998 ± 198

1490 ± 1130

2059 ± 815

6680 ± 4214

 

IL-10

266 ± 24

nd

nd

< 6b

194 ± 235

445 ± 165

1110 ± 942

1620 ± 1511

2340 ± 1174

 

IL-12

613 ± 270

nd

nd

129 ± 153

528 ± 568

751 ± 256

485 ± 132

704 ± 218

3348 ± 1584**

 

MCP-1

338 ± 74

nd

nd

543 ± 38

1590 ± 245

1506 ± 148

1379 ± 355

3988 ± 3930

23780 ± 23492

 

TNF-α

243 ± 200

nd

nd

336 ± 465

186 ± 40

705 ± 341

345 ± 93

1358 ± 1250

8622 ± 4184**

 

MIP-1α

565 ± 216

nd

nd

< 8b

< 8b

1505 ± 148

1379 ± 355

3988 ± 3929

23781 ± 23492

 

RANTES

393 ± 38

nd

nd

490 ± 8

633 ± 15

1690 ± 452

2000 ± 632

3012 ± 1502

8423 ± 7650

Spleen

IL-1β

5166 ± 2212

20596 ± 1045

35663 ± 16622*

16470 ± 7867

72114 ± 20013***

71460 ± 25186***

17603 ± 4578

17558 ± 7660

15264 ± 15228

 

IL-2

302 ± 60

1094 ± 377

1907 ± 871

1428 ± 745

925 ± 413

9384 ± 1767***

2418 ± 1912

471 ± 136

668 ± 296

 

IL-6

937 ± 891

315 ± 206

3932 ± 1552

7512 ± 4901

8855 ± 8640

11803 ± 10907

11662 ± 7191

10277 ± 15901

7872 ± 6471

 

IL-10

359 ± 181

555 ± 427

2513 ± 1028

9723 ± 6700

2933 ± 3526

34446 ± 12413***

10644 ± 11632

974 ± 475

10010 ± 3066

 

MCP-1

65 ± 174

1774 ± 734

3186 ± 1247

2686 ± 1874

10124 ± 2102

8822 ± 6241

10004 ± 6407

11378 ± 8843

37106 ± 34700**

 

MIP-1α

2460 ± 1335

3439 ± 457

10489 ± 6500

21290 ± 14825

50613 ± 23941

46596 ± 3376

79600 ± 40143

174281 ± 161060

221110 ± 206073*

  1. a Minimum level of detection for the relevant serum cytokines: < 4 pg/ml for IL-4, < 2 pg/ml for IL-10, < 7 pg/ml for TNF-α, < 2 pg/ml for MIP-1α.
  2. b Minimum level of detection for the relevant lung cytokines: < 6 pg/g for IL-10, < 8 pg/g for MIP-1α.
  3. c Day 10 liver samples were compromised and therefore not included in the analysis.
  4. Not Determined, nd; *P< 0.05, **P< 0.01, ***P< 0.001 compared to sham-infected controls.