Virus | Family | Species | Reported neurological manifestations | Reference | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
DNA | Herpesviridae | Herpes simplex virus (HSV) | Cognitive changes | [6] | ||
Neuronal destruction | ||||||
Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV6) | Meningoencephalitis and leucoencephalitis | [7] | ||||
Dead and dying neurons undergoing neuronophagia | ||||||
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) | Grey-matter atrophy | [8] | ||||
Encephalopathy and acute quadriparesis Anterior horn cell degeneration | ||||||
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) | Transverse myelitis | [9] | ||||
Variecella zoster virus (VZV) | Infection of trigeminal ganglion | [10] | ||||
Polyomaviridae | JC virus | Infection of oliodendrocytes, astrocytes and neurons | [11] | |||
RNA | (−)ssRNA Virus | Bornaviridae | Borna disease virus | Patent infection of the limbic system | [12] | |
Orthomyxoviridae | Influenza virus | H3N2 | Amyotrophy, MS flares, encephalitis, encephalopathy, myelopathy, GBS, seizures, relapsing delirium, | |||
 | H1N1 | Delirium, cycloplegia, encephalitis lethargica, GBS, encephalopathy, seizures, ataxia | ||||
 | H2N2 | Encephalitis, seizures, muscle paralysis, GBS | ||||
 | H5N1 | Viral neurotropism in animals | [18] | |||
Paramyxoviridae | Measles | Myelin damage | [22] | |||
Rhabdoviridae | Rabies virus | Cognitive changes, neuronal destruction | [6] | |||
(+)ssRNA | Flaviviridae | West Nile Virus | Encephalitis | [23] | ||
 |  | Japanese encephalities B virus | Neuronal death | [24] | ||
 |  | St. Louis virus | Juvenile parkinson disease, encephalitis | |||
dsRNA | Picornaviridae | Poliovirus | Encephalitis | [27] | ||
 |  | Echo virus | Meningitis, neuro-muscular diseases | [28] | ||
 |  | Coxsackie virus | Encephalitis | [29] | ||
 |  | Enterovirus 71 | Encephalitis, aseptic meningitis, brain stem enceptitis and motor neuron death | [30] | ||
(+)ssRNA | Retroviridae | HIV | HIV associated dementia | [31] |