| Quantification method | Used with flu-VLPs | Sample type | LOD | LOQ | Working Range | SD (%RSD) | Assay Duration | Ref |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HA antigen | SRID | Yes | P, NP, | ~3 μg/ml | ~3 μg/ml | 3.12 – 100 ug/ml | (10%) | ~30 h | [36] |
HA assay | Yes | P, NP | 2 HA unit/50ul | 2 HA unit/50ul | 2 - 2048 HA units/50 μl | ~0,066 % | ~5 h | ||
LC-MS | No | P | 25 fmol | 25 fmol | 25 - 400fmol/10ul | (H1): 1.14 (3.5%) | n.s. | ||
(H3): 1.24 (5.6%) | |||||||||
(B): 5.04 (9.7%) | |||||||||
RP-HPLC | Yes | V | (H1): 0.25 ug/ml | (H1): 0.75ug/ml | 2.5-100ug/ml | 3.58 % | 10-20 min | [41] | |
(B): 1 ug/ml | (B): 3ug/ml | 7.73% | |||||||
Universal ELISA | No | V | Â | 1ug/ml | 0.2-16ug/ml | 0.14-0.3 (14 - 30%) | n.s. | [42] | |
SPR immuno assays | No | P, NP, V | <0.5ug/ml | 1ug/ml | 1-15ug/ml | n.s. | n.s. | [43] | |
NA antigen | TBA NA assay | Yes | P | 0.34 mU/ml | 1.03 mU/ml | 0.54 -6.47 mU/ml | 2.95% | n.s. | [35] |
NA star assay | Yes | P, NP | 3 pM | 3pM | 3-10.5nM | n.s. | ~1.5 h | [44] | |
Amplex Red NA assay | Yes | P | 2.09 mU/ml | 6.32mU/ml | 2.00-7.00 mU/ml | 16% | Â | [35] | |
NA-Fluor Assay | Yes | P, NP | 0.09 mU/ml | 0.17-2.00 mU/ml | n.s. | 2.55% | ~4 h | [35] | |
HA & NA antigen | LC-MS | No | V | n.s. | n.s. | NA: 2-12ug/ml | n.s. | ~5 h | [39] |
HA: 10-70ug/ml | |||||||||
Universal SlotBlot | No | V, rHA, rNA | 0.032 ug/ml | 0.032 ug/ml | HA: 0.032-3ug/ml | 2300 - 13500 (5%) particles/count | n.s. | ||
NA: 0.037-10 ug/ml | |||||||||
Total particles | DLS | No | P, NP | 8.6 × 101 TCI50units/ml | 8.6 × 101 TCI50units/ml | 8.6 × 101 to 3.4 × 104 TCID50units/ml | n.s. | <30min | [46] |
Virus Counter | No | P, NP | (NP): 3.6 × 106 VP/ml | (NP): 3.6 × 106 VP/ml | 105 - 109 VP/ml | 0.09 +/− 0.03 VP/ml | ~40 min | [47] | |
(P): 1.0 × 105 VP/ml | (P): 1.0 × 105 VP/ml | ||||||||
AFFFF-MALS | No | P, NP | n.s. | n.s. | 5 × 108 - 4.5 × 109 VP/ml | n.s. | ~1 h |